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Sian Kaan
Sian Ka'an (Maya for "Where the sky is born") was established as a biosphere reserve in 1986 and incorporated into UNESCO's list of natural world heritage sites in 1987. Adjacent to its southern border, the area for protection of flora and Fauna UAYMIL was established in 1994. Covering toegether over 1.5 million acres along the central coast of the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico, they comprise one of the largest protected areas in Mexico.
The reserve is composed equally of semi evergreen tropical forest, wetlands and savannas and marine habitat.
It is home to more than 345 species of birds, including over one million wintering migratory song birds from the U.S. and Canada and the rare Jabiru Stork.
All of the endangered cat species of southern Mexico are found in Sian Ka'an, including jaguar, puma, ocelot, margay and the jaguarundi, along with spider and howler monkeys, white-tipped and collared peccary and tapir.
The wetlands and marine habitats shelter the endangered Morelet's and American crocodile as well as manatee and provides habitat for the green, loggerhead, hawksbill and leatherback sea turtles.
Two large bays, a unique fresh water wetland system and 60 miles of pristine coral reef is the enduring landscape used by the ancient Maya civilization over two thousand years ago, as attested to by the remains of approximately 27 Maya sites found within the reserve.
The Local Inhabitants
Less than 1% of the reserve is composed of private land holings located in the coastal buffer zone, where sustainable use of natural resources is permitted.
Of the less than 1,000 inhabitants living within Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, most are concentrated in the two fishing villages at Punta Allen and Punta Herrero, which depend primarily upon the spiny lobster fishery.
Native Maya communities border the terrestrial side of the reserve in the cooperative zone, didicated to forestry practices and subsistence farming and hunting.
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